建议性交易操作
假设你想要同时运行事务性操作和一些基本的性能分析功能。在 <tx:annotation-driven/> 的上下文中,如何实现这一点呢?
当你调用updateFoo(Foo)方法时,你希望看到以下操作:
- 配置好的性能分析方面(profiling aspect)开始运行。
- 事务建议(transactional advice)被执行。
- 在被建议对象(advised object)上的方法被执行。
- 事务提交(transaction commits)。
- 性能分析方面报告整个事务方法调用的确切持续时间。
备注
本章并不详细解释面向切面编程(AOP)(除了其与事务相关的部分)。有关AOP配置和AOP的一般性介绍,请参阅AOP。
以下代码展示了之前提到的简单性能分析方面:
- Java
- Kotlin
package x.y;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
public class SimpleProfiler implements Ordered {
private int order;
// allows us to control the ordering of advice
public int getOrder() {
return this.order;
}
public void setOrder(int order) {
this.order = order;
}
// this method is the around advice
public Object profile(ProceedingJoinPoint call) throws Throwable {
Object returnValue;
StopWatch clock = new StopWatch(getClass().getName());
try {
clock.start(call.toShortString());
returnValue = call.proceed();
} finally {
clock.stop();
System.out.println(clock.prettyPrint());
}
return returnValue;
}
}
package x.y
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint
import org.springframework.util.StopWatch
import org.springframework.core.Ordered
class SimpleProfiler : Ordered {
private var order: Int = 0
// allows us to control the ordering of advice
override fun getOrder(): Int {
return this.order
}
fun setOrder(order: Int) {
this.order = order
}
// this method is the around advice
fun profile(call: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any {
var returnValue: Any
val clock = StopWatch(javaClass.name)
try {
clock.start(call.toShortString())
returnValue = call.proceed()
} finally {
clock.stop()
println(clock.prettyPrint())
}
return returnValue
}
}
建议的排序通过Ordered接口来控制。有关建议排序的详细信息,请参见建议排序。
以下配置创建了一个fooServicebean,该bean按照所需的顺序应用了性能分析与事务处理相关功能:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="fooService" class="x.y.service.DefaultFooService"/>
<!-- this is the aspect -->
<bean id="profiler" class="x.y.SimpleProfiler">
<!-- run before the transactional advice (hence the lower order number) -->
<property name="order" value="1"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" order="200"/>
<aop:config>
<!-- this advice runs around the transactional advice -->
<aop:aspect id="profilingAspect" ref="profiler">
<aop:pointcut id="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"
expression="execution(!void x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
<aop:around method="profile" pointcut-ref="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@rj-t42:1521:elvis"/>
<property name="username" value="scott"/>
<property name="password" value="tiger"/>
</bean>
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
</beans>
你可以以类似的方式配置任意数量的额外方面。
以下示例创建了与前两个示例相同的设置,但采用了纯粹的XML声明式方法:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
https://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="fooService" class="x.y.service.DefaultFooService"/>
<!-- the profiling advice -->
<bean id="profiler" class="x.y.SimpleProfiler">
<!-- run before the transactional advice (hence the lower order number) -->
<property name="order" value="1"/>
</bean>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="entryPointMethod" expression="execution(* x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
<!-- runs after the profiling advice (cf. the order attribute) -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="entryPointMethod" order="2"/>
<!-- order value is higher than the profiling aspect -->
<aop:aspect id="profilingAspect" ref="profiler">
<aop:pointcut id="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"
expression="execution(!void x.y..*Service.*(..))"/>
<aop:around method="profile" pointcut-ref="serviceMethodWithReturnValue"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- other <bean/> definitions such as a DataSource and a TransactionManager here -->
</beans>
上述配置的结果是一个fooServicebean,其上应用了性能分析(profiling)和事务处理(transactional)方面的配置,且顺序为:先进行性能分析,再进行事务处理;反之亦然。如果你希望性能分析的配置在事务处理开始时之后、事务处理结束时之前执行,可以调整性能分析方面bean的order属性值,使其高于事务处理方面的order属性值。
你可以以类似的方式配置其他方面。