一个 AOP 示例
现在您已经了解了所有组成部分的工作原理,我们可以将它们组合在一起做一些有用的事情。
业务服务的执行有时可能会由于并发问题而失败(例如,死锁失败者)。如果重试该操作,很可能在下一次尝试时成功。对于在这种情况下适合重试的业务服务(幂等操作,不需要返回用户进行冲突解决),我们希望透明地重试操作,以避免客户端看到 PessimisticLockingFailureException
。这是一个明显跨越服务层多个服务的需求,因此,通过切面来实现是理想的选择。
因为我们想要重试该操作,所以我们需要使用环绕通知,以便可以多次调用 proceed
。以下列表显示了基本的方面实现:
- Java
- Kotlin
@Aspect
public class ConcurrentOperationExecutor implements Ordered {
private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 2;
private int maxRetries = DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES;
private int order = 1;
public void setMaxRetries(int maxRetries) {
this.maxRetries = maxRetries;
}
public int getOrder() {
return this.order;
}
public void setOrder(int order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Around("com.xyz.CommonPointcuts.businessService()")
public Object doConcurrentOperation(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
int numAttempts = 0;
PessimisticLockingFailureException lockFailureException;
do {
numAttempts++;
try {
return pjp.proceed();
}
catch(PessimisticLockingFailureException ex) {
lockFailureException = ex;
}
} while(numAttempts <= this.maxRetries);
throw lockFailureException;
}
}
@Aspect
class ConcurrentOperationExecutor : Ordered {
companion object {
private const val DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES = 2
}
var maxRetries = DEFAULT_MAX_RETRIES
private var order = 1
override fun getOrder(): Int {
return this.order
}
fun setOrder(order: Int) {
this.order = order
}
@Around("com.xyz.CommonPointcuts.businessService()")
fun doConcurrentOperation(pjp: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any {
var numAttempts = 0
var lockFailureException: PessimisticLockingFailureException?
do {
numAttempts++
try {
return pjp.proceed()
} catch (ex: PessimisticLockingFailureException) {
lockFailureException = ex
}
} while (numAttempts <= this.maxRetries)
throw lockFailureException!!
}
@Around("com.xyz.CommonPointcuts.businessService()")
引用了在共享命名切入点定义中定义的 businessService
命名切入点。
请注意,该方面实现了 Ordered
接口,以便我们可以将该方面的优先级设置得高于事务通知(我们希望每次重试时都有一个新的事务)。maxRetries
和 order
属性都是由 Spring 配置的。主要操作发生在 doConcurrentOperation
环绕通知中。请注意,目前我们将重试逻辑应用于每个 businessService
。我们尝试继续操作,如果由于 PessimisticLockingFailureException
而失败,我们会重试,除非我们已经耗尽了所有的重试尝试。
相应的 Spring 配置如下:
- Java
- Kotlin
- Xml
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class ApplicationConfiguration {
@Bean
public ConcurrentOperationExecutor concurrentOperationExecutor() {
ConcurrentOperationExecutor executor = new ConcurrentOperationExecutor();
executor.setMaxRetries(3);
executor.setOrder(100);
return executor;
}
}
@Configuration
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
class ApplicationConfiguration {
@Bean
fun concurrentOperationExecutor() = ConcurrentOperationExecutor().apply {
maxRetries = 3
order = 100
}
}
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
<bean id="concurrentOperationExecutor"
class="com.xyz.service.impl.ConcurrentOperationExecutor">
<property name="maxRetries" value="3"/>
<property name="order" value="100"/>
</bean>
</beans>
为了优化该方面以便仅重试幂等操作,我们可以定义以下 Idempotent
注解:
- Java
- Kotlin
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
// marker annotation
public @interface Idempotent {
}
@Retention(AnnotationRetention.RUNTIME)
// marker annotation
annotation class Idempotent
然后我们可以使用注解来标注服务操作的实现。更改切面以仅重试幂等操作涉及到细化切入点表达式,以便只有 @Idempotent
操作匹配,如下所示:
- Java
- Kotlin
@Around("execution(* com.xyz..service.*.*(..)) && " +
"@annotation(com.xyz.service.Idempotent)")
public Object doConcurrentOperation(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
// ...
return pjp.proceed(pjp.getArgs());
}
@Around("execution(* com.xyz..service.*.*(..)) && " +
"@annotation(com.xyz.service.Idempotent)")
fun doConcurrentOperation(pjp: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any? {
// ...
return pjp.proceed(pjp.args)
}