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使用 CLI

DeepSeek V3 中英对照 Using the CLI

安装好 CLI 后,你可以在命令行中输入 spring 并按下回车来运行它。如果你不带任何参数运行 spring,将会显示帮助屏幕,如下所示:

$ spring
usage: spring [--help] [--version]
<command> [<args>]

Available commands are:

init [options] [location]
Initialize a new project using Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)

encodepassword [options] <password to encode>
Encode a password for use with Spring Security

shell
Start a nested shell

Common options:

--debug Verbose mode
Print additional status information for the command you are running

See 'spring help <command>' for more information on a specific command.
shell

你可以输入 spring help 来获取有关任何支持命令的更多详细信息,如下例所示:

$ spring help init
spring init - Initialize a new project using Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)

usage: spring init [options] [location]

Option Description
------ -----------
-a, --artifact-id <String> Project coordinates; infer archive name (for
example 'test')
-b, --boot-version <String> Spring Boot version (for example '1.2.0.RELEASE')
--build <String> Build system to use (for example 'maven' or
'gradle') (default: maven)
-d, --dependencies <String> Comma-separated list of dependency identifiers to
include in the generated project
--description <String> Project description
-f, --force Force overwrite of existing files
--format <String> Format of the generated content (for example
'build' for a build file, 'project' for a
project archive) (default: project)
-g, --group-id <String> Project coordinates (for example 'org.test')
-j, --java-version <String> Language level (for example '1.8')
-l, --language <String> Programming language (for example 'java')
--list List the capabilities of the service. Use it to
discover the dependencies and the types that are
available
-n, --name <String> Project name; infer application name
-p, --packaging <String> Project packaging (for example 'jar')
--package-name <String> Package name
-t, --type <String> Project type. Not normally needed if you use --
build and/or --format. Check the capabilities of
the service (--list) for more details
--target <String> URL of the service to use (default: https://start.
spring.io)
-v, --version <String> Project version (for example '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT')
-x, --extract Extract the project archive. Inferred if a
location is specified without an extension

examples:

To list all the capabilities of the service:
$ spring init --list

To creates a default project:
$ spring init

To create a web my-app.zip:
$ spring init -d=web my-app.zip

To create a web/data-jpa gradle project unpacked:
$ spring init -d=web,jpa --build=gradle my-dir
shell

version 命令提供了一种快速检查你正在使用的 Spring Boot 版本的方法,如下所示:

$ spring version
Spring CLI v3.4.2
shell

初始化一个新项目

init 命令允许您使用 start.spring.io 创建新项目,而无需离开 shell,如下例所示:

$ spring init --dependencies=web,data-jpa my-project
Using service at https://start.spring.io
Project extracted to '/Users/developer/example/my-project'
shell

前面的示例创建了一个名为 my-project 的目录,其中包含一个基于 Maven 的项目,该项目使用了 spring-boot-starter-webspring-boot-starter-data-jpa。你可以使用 --list 标志列出该服务的功能,如下例所示:

$ spring init --list
=======================================
Capabilities of https://start.spring.io
=======================================

Available dependencies:
-----------------------
actuator - Actuator: Production ready features to help you monitor and manage your application
...
web - Web: Support for full-stack web development, including Tomcat and spring-webmvc
websocket - Websocket: Support for WebSocket development
ws - WS: Support for Spring Web Services

Available project types:
------------------------
gradle-build - Gradle Config [format:build, build:gradle]
gradle-project - Gradle Project [format:project, build:gradle]
maven-build - Maven POM [format:build, build:maven]
maven-project - Maven Project [format:project, build:maven] (default)

...
shell

init 命令支持许多选项。有关更多详细信息,请参见 help 输出。例如,以下命令创建了一个使用 Java 17 和 war 打包的 Gradle 项目:

$ spring init --build=gradle --java-version=17 --dependencies=websocket --packaging=war sample-app.zip
Using service at https://start.spring.io
Content saved to 'sample-app.zip'
shell

使用嵌入式 Shell

Spring Boot 包含了针对 BASH 和 zsh shell 的命令行补全脚本。如果你不使用这些 shell(或许你是一位 Windows 用户),你可以使用 shell 命令来启动一个集成 shell,如下例所示:

$ spring shell
Spring Boot (v3.4.2)
Hit TAB to complete. Type \'help' and hit RETURN for help, and \'exit' to quit.
shell

在嵌入的 shell 中,你可以直接运行其他命令:

$ version
Spring CLI v3.4.2
shell

嵌入式 shell 支持 ANSI 颜色输出以及 tab 自动补全。如果需要运行原生命令,可以使用 ! 前缀。要退出嵌入式 shell,请按 ctrl-c